-Apoptosis and Reduced Proliferation: Aging leads to reduced cell apoptosis (death) and proliferation, affecting tissue repair and regeneration capabilities.

-Telomere Shortening: Telomeres at the end of mitochondria shorten with each cell division, eventually leading to the cell's inability to divide further.

-Chronic Inflammation: Aging may cause chronic inflammation, which is associated with the occurrence and development of many chronic diseases.

Skin:

-Wrinkles and Loss of Elasticity: The reduction of collagen and elastin causes wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity.

-Pigment Deposition: Aging causes melanin deposition, leading to skin spots and pigmentation.

-Reduced Sebum: Decreased production of skin oils leads to dry skin.

Health Issues:

-Reduced Bone Density: Aging can lead to reduced bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.

-Cardiovascular Problems: Hardening of blood vessel walls and reduced vascular elasticity can lead to cardiovascular issues.

-Decline in Cognitive Function: Aging may be associated with a decline in cognitive functions and the development of neurological diseases.

-Collagen, primarily found in the extracellular matrix, forms a supportive structure, providing structural support to cells. Supplementing with collagen peptides may combat extracellular matrix aging and laxity by increasing the elasticity and stability of the extracellular matrix.

-Coenzyme Q10, through multiple pathways such as antioxidation, energy production, and maintaining cell membrane stability, positively improves skin and health issues caused by cellular aging at the cellular and tissue level.

-Cell Proliferation and Differentiation: Hormones are key regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Hormonal imbalances can lead to abnormal cell proliferation or differentiation.

-Cell Apoptosis: Some hormones play a significant role in regulating the cell lifecycle and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Hormonal imbalances can lead to dysregulation of cell apoptosis.

-Cell Signaling: Hormones regulate cellular functions through cell surface receptors and internal signaling pathways. Hormonal imbalances can lead to changes in receptor quantity or activity, thereby affecting cell signaling.

-Intracellular Environmental Balance: Hormones participate in regulating the intracellular environment, including ion balance and pH levels. Hormonal imbalances can lead to instability in the cellular environment, affecting normal cell function.

Skin:

-Abnormal Sebum Secretion: Excess androgens can cause hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands, increasing sebum production and making the skin prone to oiliness and acne.

-Inflammation and Acne: Hormonal imbalances can cause skin inflammation, particularly during puberty or menstrual cycles, potentially leading to acne.

-Skin Aging: A decline in estrogen can lead to reduced collagen, affecting skin elasticity and accelerating the aging process.

Health:

-Metabolic Issues: Thyroid hormone imbalances can cause abnormal metabolic rates, leading to weight fluctuations and issues such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

-Reproductive System Issues: Imbalances in androgens or estrogens can cause reproductive system issues, such as irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, infertility, etc.

-Reduced Bone Density: Estrogen plays a vital role in maintaining bone density. Hormonal imbalances can lead to osteoporosis, increasing the risk of fractures.

-Vitamin B: Research indicates that some members of the Vitamin B group, such as niacin (Vitamin B3) and thiamine (Vitamin B1), may have regulatory roles in the nervous system and metabolism.

-Grape seed: Grape seed extract contains a wealth of antioxidants, and studies have shown that they may have a certain regulatory effect on the endocrine system and hormone levels.

-Oxidative Stress: Unhealthy diets, lack of exercise, and exposure to environmental pollution can increase the production of free radicals, leading to oxidative stress. This can damage the DNA, proteins, and lipids of cells, causing cellular dysfunction.

-Inflammatory Response: High-fat diets, lack of exercise, and excessive intake of sugar are closely linked to chronic inflammation. Long-term inflammation can negatively impact cells and increase the risk of chronic diseases.

-Impeded Cell Apoptosis: Unhealthy lifestyles can obstruct programmed cell death (apoptosis), allowing abnormal cells to survive, increasing the risk of diseases like cancer.

-Weakened Immune System: Unhealthy lifestyles can weaken the normal function of the immune system, making cells more susceptible to infections and tumors.

-Disordered Intracellular Energy Metabolism: Poor diet and lack of exercise can lead to disordered energy metabolism within cells, making it difficult for cells to maintain normal physiological functions.

Skin:

-Accelerated Skin Aging: Unhealthy diets, lack of exercise, and UV exposure can increase oxidative stress, causing free radical damage to the skin and accelerating skin aging, leading to more wrinkles, sagging, and pigmentation.

-Increased Inflammatory Response: Unhealthy lifestyles can trigger chronic inflammation in the body, which is harmful to the skin. Excessive intake of high-sugar, high-fat foods and lack of anti-inflammatory diets can cause skin inflammation, manifesting as redness, acne, and other inflammatory skin issues.

Health:

-Increased Risk of Chronic Diseases: Unhealthy diets, lack of exercise, and excessive intake of sugar and fats are related to an increased risk of chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension).

-Obesity Issues: Unhealthy lifestyles often correlate with unbalanced diets and lack of exercise, potentially leading to weight gain and increased risk of obesity and related metabolic diseases.

-Cardiovascular Health Problems: Smoking, high-fat diets, and lack of exercise are major risk factors for cardiovascular health problems, potentially leading to high cholesterol, arteriosclerosis, and heart disease.

-Turmeric - Rich in curcumin, turmeric has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce oxidative stress, support the immune system, maintain cardiovascular health, potentially prevent neurodegenerative diseases, and it's suggested to have potential anti-cancer properties.

-Milk Thistle - Rich in silymarin, milk thistle is believed to have protective effects on the liver, reducing oxidative stress, detoxification, lowering cholesterol, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research also indicates potential benefits for cardiovascular health, skin care, and anti-cancer.

Skin:

-Maintaining Skin Tissue: Metabolism helps maintain normal growth and repair of skin cells, keeping the skin elastic and healthy by providing energy and synthetic substances.

-Antioxidant Effect: Some metabolic products have antioxidant properties, neutralizing free radicals, reducing oxidative damage, and helping to slow down the aging process of the skin.

-Regulating Skin Immunity: Metabolic products participate in regulating the immune system, helping to maintain the immune balance of the skin and reduce inflammation.

Health:

-Energy Balance: Metabolism directly affects the production and utilization of energy, closely related to weight control, obesity, and other health issues.

-Blood Sugar Regulation: Metabolism involves glucose metabolism and is related to the regulation of blood sugar levels, associated with diabetes and other metabolic diseases.

-Lipid Metabolism: Metabolism involves the synthesis and breakdown of lipids, related to cardiovascular health and regulation of blood lipid levels.

-Immune Regulation: Metabolic products can regulate the immune system, affecting the body's resistance to infection and disease.

-Taurine: A non-essential amino acid with potential benefits for metabolism, particularly involving lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and antioxidation.

-Multivitamins: Typically contain various vitamins, such as the Vitamin B group (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12), Vitamin C, Vitamin D, etc. These vitamins have a multifaceted impact on metabolism, improving human energy metabolism, protein synthesis, antioxidant functions, etc.

-Vitamin C: Participates in creatine metabolism and has a regulatory effect on carbohydrate metabolism and energy production. Iron, a key element in hemoglobin synthesis, is closely related to oxygen transport and cellular respiration, making Vitamin C's role in enhancing iron absorption crucial for metabolism.

-Antioxidant System Imbalance: Poor sleep can lead to a dysregulated antioxidant system, making cells more susceptible to oxidative damage.

-Hindered Cell Regeneration: Sleep is a crucial period for cell regeneration and repair; poor sleep can hinder these processes.

-Impaired Neuronal Plasticity: Prolonged sleep issues can damage neuronal plasticity, affecting learning and memory abilities.

-Chronic Inflammation: Poor sleep can trigger chronic low-grade inflammation, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators between cells.

-Reduced Immune Function: Sleep regulates the activity of immune cells; poor sleep can lead to abnormal immune cell activity.

Skin:

-Increased Wrinkles and Fine Lines: Lack of sleep can lead to a decrease in skin elastic proteins such as collagen and elastin, increasing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

-Dark Circles and Puffiness: Poor sleep can lead to impaired fluid metabolism, causing puffiness around the eyes; poor blood circulation can lead to the formation of dark circles.

-Exacerbated Inflammation and Acne: Lack of good sleep affects the immune system, leading to increased skin inflammation responses.

Health:

-Impaired Immune System: Poor sleep can lead to a decline in immune system function, increasing the risk of infections and diseases.

-Cardiovascular Health Issues: Continuous lack of sleep may be related to hypertension, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

-Emotional and Mental Health Issues: Long-term sleep problems may increase the risk of depression and anxiety.

-Magnesium Glycinate - Magnesium is believed to have a regulatory effect on sleep, helping to shorten the time it takes to fall asleep and improve sleep quality. Magnesium glycinate is also used as a supplement to help people better cope with sleep issues.

-Energy Metabolism Disorders: Different nutrients participate in various stages of energy metabolism. Nutritional imbalances can lead to insufficient or excessive energy supply within cells, affecting normal metabolic activities.

-Impaired Protein Synthesis: Protein synthesis is fundamental in maintaining cell structure and function. Nutritional imbalances may obstruct protein synthesis, affecting cell structure and signal transduction.

-Reduced Antioxidant Capacity: Some nutrients, such as vitamin C and E, have antioxidant effects. Nutritional imbalances can decrease antioxidant capacity, increasing the risk of oxidative stress in cells.

-Unstable Cell Membranes: Nutrients are involved in synthesizing and maintaining cell membranes. A lack of key nutrients may cause cell membrane instability, affecting substance transport and cell signaling.

Skin:

-Reduced Elasticity and Increased Wrinkles: Nutritional imbalance can hinder normal collagen synthesis, leading to loss of skin elasticity and increased likelihood of wrinkles.

-Exacerbated Oxidative Damage: Lack of antioxidant nutrients (like vitamins C and E) makes the skin more prone to oxidative damage, accelerating skin aging.

-Pigmentation Issues: Deficiency in key vitamins can lead to pigmentation problems, such as dark spots and freckles.

Health:

-Weakened Immune System: Nutritional imbalance affects the normal function of the immune system, making it difficult to combat infections and diseases, increasing the risk of illness.

-Metabolic Disorders: Nutritional imbalances can lead to disordered energy metabolism, affecting weight control and increasing the risk of metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes.

-Bone Issues: Lack of nutrients like calcium and vitamin D can cause bone health issues, such as fractures and osteomalacia.

-Oxidative Stress: Pollutants, radiation, and other environmental factors can lead to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species in cells, triggering oxidative stress. This damages cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids, affecting normal cell functions.

-Inflammatory Response: Certain environmental factors can trigger chronic inflammatory responses, leading to long-term damage to cells and tissues. Chronic inflammation is closely related to the occurrence and development of various chronic diseases.

-Protein Damage: Some adverse environmental factors can cause abnormal folding and damage to proteins, affecting the normal protein functions in cells.

-Metabolic Disturbance: Unfavorable environments can interfere with the metabolic processes within cells, affecting energy production and maintaining normal cell functions.

Skin:

-Skin Dryness: Dry air, high temperatures, low humidity, and harsh weather conditions can cause skin dehydration, leading to dry, rough skin prone to flaking and cracking.

-UV Radiation: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can cause sunburn, skin aging, and increase the risk of skin cancer. UV rays damage collagen and elastin fibers, leading to skin laxity and wrinkle formation.

-Air Pollution: Airborne pollutants such as particulate matter, heavy metals, and chemicals can deposit on the skin surface, triggering inflammatory responses and accelerating the aging process of the skin.

-Allergies and Sensitivity: Airborne allergens and irritants, such as pollen, dust mites, and chemical gases, can cause skin allergies and sensitivities, leading to eczema and other skin diseases.

Health:

-Respiratory System Problems: Airborne pollutants, dust, and harmful gases can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

-Cardiovascular Diseases: Long-term exposure to air pollution and environmental noise can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke.

-Impaired Immune System: Adverse environments can weaken the function of the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.

-Neurological Impact: Exposure to chemicals and toxic substances in the environment can negatively affect the nervous system, associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

-Immune System Suppression: Long-term stress and negative emotions can impair immune system function. Increased release of stress hormones like cortisol may suppress immune cell activity, making the body more susceptible to infections.

-Chronic Inflammation: Persistent negative emotions can lead to chronic inflammation. Inflammation is related to the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers.

-Oxidative Stress: Stress and negative emotions can increase oxidative stress in the body, leading to excessive production of free radicals. These free radicals can damage cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures.

-Cellular Aging: Long-term psychological stress may accelerate the process of cellular aging. Negative emotions can accelerate cellular aging by affecting the length and protective role of telomeres.

Skin:

-Accelerated Skin Aging: Long-term mental tension can accelerate the aging process of the skin. This may include the formation of wrinkles, reduced elasticity, and dry skin.

-Exacerbated Skin Issues: Negative emotions can exacerbate existing skin problems, such as acne and psoriasis, as poor mood may affect the skin's self-repair and immune function.

-Skin Pigmentation: Long-term stress and tension can lead to pigmentation, causing the skin to appear dull and unevenly colored.

Health:

-Impaired Immune System: Long-term negative emotions can lead to a decline in immune system function, making the body more susceptible to infections and less effective in combating diseases.

-Cardiovascular Issues: Continuous stress and anxiety may lead to increased blood pressure and heart rate, increasing the risk of heart diseases and stroke. Negative emotions can also cause inflammation, affecting heart health.

-Digestive System Issues: Long-term stress can lead to gastrointestinal problems, such as stomach ulcers, indigestion, and intestinal inflammation, affecting the normal function of digestive organs.

-Magnesium Glycinate - Research shows that magnesium is involved in regulating the release of neurotransmitters, including catecholamines related to stress. Additionally, magnesium may counteract oxidative stress, reducing cellular damage caused by stress. It is considered helpful in alleviating stress and anxiety, having a regulatory effect on the nervous system.

-Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Omega-3 fatty acids are related to mental health. Research indicates they may help in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and improving cognitive functions. Particularly, EPA and DHA may have a positive impact on brain structure and function.